Monday, 30 April 2012
Theories on Drug Addiction
The human brain contains circuits that provide us with pleasure to reinforce behaviours that are helpful to our survival. The brain thus naturally favours those behaviours that lead us to seek euphoria. The abusive consumption of a drug can result in dependency on it. The various phenomena associated with drug dependency—also commonly referred to as “drug addiction”—are fairly well known: initial pleasure, then tolerance, withdrawal, and so on. People who still want to turn their lives around by overcoming their drug addiction, can turn to recovery sites, like oakvinerecoverycenter.com, for help.
Experts have identified several signs of drug dependency. If someone displays several of them, that is a good indication that they have become dependent on the drug in question and will need to know more about Renaissance Recovery if they believe they need substance treatments. These signs include:
-A persistent desire for the drug and an inability to stop taking it
-The development of a tolerance for the drug that forces them to keep taking larger doses to achieve the same effects
-The onset of withdrawal symptoms when they cannot obtain the drug
-Spending a great deal of their time obtaining the drug, consuming it, and recovering from its effects
-An inability to stop or control their consumption of the drug, even when it goes against their own values
-Continuing to take the drug, even when they recognize the major physical, psychological, and social problems caused by this behaviour
But these phenomena are so complex that it is hard to construct satisfactory models for them. Hence, many theories have been developed to try to explain drug dependency/addiction in order to elaborate the appropriate Drug Addiction Treatments. You can click on the states served by RecoveryDelivered.com for more information about Suboxone in that specific state.
One of these theories is based on the traditional hedonist principle that people seek pleasure and avoid pain. For other theorists, the main cause of drug addiction is the desire to alleviate the suffering that addicts experience when their drug is withdrawn, learn more at Klinic.care. Still another theory holds that drug-dependent people suffer from a dysfunction of the systems of the frontal cortex that normally regulate decision-making and impose inhibitory controls on behavior. This dysfunction would result in altered judgment and impulsiveness. One last hypothesis focuses on the idea that individuals’ attitudes toward drugs depend fundamentally on whether the baseline activity of the dopaminergic neurons in their brains is above or below a certain level.
The Intermediate (green) link below takes you to an explanation of one of these theories, the opponent-process theory, complete with diagrams.
The Advanced (red) link takes you to a discussion of some recent neurochemical data that tend to support the effects described in the opponent-process model.
Addiction and the Opponent Process Theory
Addiction and the brain antireward system
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Pleasure and Pain | Comments Closed
Monday, 23 April 2012
Taking Photos To Remember Your Own Life
When people with episodic (autobiographical) memory problems wear a chest-mounted camera that automatically takes 2000 to 3000 photos every day, these photos can help them to remember their past activities. Studies with subjects who had various forms of amnesia showed that photos taken with such a camera let them remember more activities than a diary that they kept for the same purpose.
SenseCam – a device for restoring and protecting memories
A Memorable Device
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Memory and the Brain | Comments Closed
Monday, 16 April 2012
Fewer Glial Cells Than You Might Think?
Most neuroscience textbooks still state that the number of glial cells (non-neuronal cells, such as astrocytes) in the human brain is far higher than the number of neurons. The figure often given is 10 times higher, and some authors even speak of up to 50 times higher. But studies done over the past few years offer a far more conservative estimate: a ratio of around one to one. (more…)
From the Simple to the Complex | 1 comment
Monday, 9 April 2012
Better Optical Illusions
Optical illusions are fascinating in many ways—they can create objects that cannot exist, movement in a static image, different colours with the same colour, and so on. They can also give us a better understanding of how the human visual system works, as witness this web site dedicated to the best optical illusions that scientists who study this subject have managed to devise in a contest that is held every year. (more…)
The Senses | Comments Closed
Monday, 2 April 2012
Meditation Can Reduce Stress
In a study published in 2007, people who practiced a method of meditation known as Integrative Body-Mind Training, or IBMT, for five days showed better attention and better ability to manage stress and its harmful effects than people in a control group who were given only relaxation training. (more…)
The Emergence of Consciousness | Comments Closed
